Some words you must know when entering cyberspace and their meanings

 Some words you must know when entering cyberspace and their meanings

In today's digital age, with the expansion of the Internet, its dark sides and terrible risks are also coming to the surface one after another. Some honest users unknowingly fall into the complex web of cyber criminals, while others, unwillingly or unwillingly, get involved in various troubles due to their inability to understand the sensitivity and basic principles of cyberspace.

In this context, it has become indispensable to understand its important aspects to stay safe in the digital world and avoid potential dangers. Therefore, today we have discussed in detail some important words that are widely used in cyberspace, but which many do not clearly understand, and their real meanings:

Two-factor authentication

This is a security system that uses two different methods to verify the identity of the user. In this, the first element is usually a password that the user remembers, while the second element is obtained from an external device.

For example, a hardware token that generates a new one-time password (OTP) every time, a smart card, a mobile phone SMS or a unique physical identifier such as a fingerprint. This means that even if someone knows your password, they cannot access your online account without a second verification. Click here to learn more.

Adware

Adware is a type of software that constantly displays advertisements and pop-up windows on a user's computer or mobile. And makes the user experience miserable. Adware can also pose a real threat to the device. Such unwanted advertisements can contain malware or lead the user to a malicious website. This increases the likelihood of your personal data being stolen.

Adware programs are often hidden in free software or shareware. Adware programs hide themselves in the system and are not easily visible. There is also often no uninstall process for them and trying to remove them manually can cause problems with the original software itself. Its form has recently started appearing on social media.

A link is provided that says to click to learn more with attractive headlines and titles. When users click on such links, they are redirected to unwanted advertising sites instead of real news.

Anti-botnet

This is a security tool. It automatically checks for botnets when a user opens a website. If any threat is detected, it immediately sends a warning message to the user's device. In this way, this tool protects the computer from becoming part of a botnet.

Anti-malware

Anti-malware is a program. It is designed to protect computers and networks from any threats or attacks such as adware, spyware, and other similar malicious programs (malware). It is used to detect, block, and remove malware.

Anti-phishing

Anti-phishing protects users from fraudulent websites. Such websites are often exact copies of the original website, which are difficult to distinguish with the naked eye. It provides protection by detecting suspicious emails and blocking phishing websites.

Anti-virus

Anti-virus software integrates the latest virus detection technology to protect users from threats such as viruses, spyware, Trojans, and worms. These threats can be transmitted to a device through email or Internet browsing.

Advanced Persistent Threat - APT

This is a highly sophisticated and long-lasting cyber attack. In this, an attacker uses sophisticated tools and technology to infiltrate a high-level network and remain inside the network for weeks, months, or even years without being detected, collecting information. APT attacks are often carried out by well-resourced attackers with the aim of causing significant damage to the economic and political stability of a country. It can be considered a cyber version of sleeper cells that conduct espionage.

Archive file

This is a file that contains many other files (often compressed). It is used to store files that are not used often or to download many files at once from the Internet. Examples of this are ZIP or RAR files. Caution should be exercised when downloading such files. Click here to learn more.

Advanced Threat Protection (ATP)

This is a security solution that protects against sophisticated malware or hacking attacks targeting sensitive data. ATP includes both software and managed security services. It also blocks threats that ordinary anti-viruses cannot detect.

Attack vector

This is the collection of all possible vulnerabilities that an attacker can use to enter the target system. Attack vectors include technical vulnerabilities as well as human behavior. Attackers use them skillfully to gain access to the network. The new work style of working from home has increased the attack vectors, making it even more difficult to secure the network.

Authentication

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or information and the authenticity of the information provided. In computing, this involves the use of a username, password, etc. It is the process of identifying a user or system. Authentication helps a computer system to obtain authorization based on their identity and prevent unauthorized access.

Backdoor

This is a secret way for an attacker to gain access to a computer or network. It is a program designed to bypass security checks and enter a computer system, which prepares for future attacks. Attackers can also use it to enter a computer or network without proper permission.

Banker Trojan

This is a type of malicious computer program. It steals sensitive personal information and details such as passwords used to access online banking or payment accounts. It secretly records the user as they type their banking details.

BBD (Blacklist, Blocklist or Denylist)

This is a basic access control mechanism. It prevents certain elements (such as email addresses, usernames, passwords, URLs, IP addresses, domain names, file hashes, etc.) from entering the system. All others except those mentioned in the list are allowed access.

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)

This is a program stored on the motherboard of a computer. It controls the interaction between the various parts of the computer (such as the keyboard, mouse, hard disk). This program is the first program to run when the computer starts.

Bot

A bot is a program that can perform automated tasks on behalf of the user. Bots are often used to integrate two systems and perform routine tasks. However, they can also be used to spread spam, steal passwords, and carry out DDoS attacks.

Botnet

A botnet is a network of hacked computers running malicious programs. It is controlled remotely by cybercriminals through a command and control server. Cybercriminals control it remotely from a public IRC channel or website through automated processes (bots). Such websites are either run by a ‘bot herder’ (bot operator) themselves or by hacking a legitimate website and using it for this purpose.

In other words, a botnet is a group of unknowingly hacked computers, which a controller uses to carry out illegal activities (e.g., DDoS attacks).

Brute-force attack

This is a method of guessing a password (or the key used to encrypt a message). In which a large number of possible combinations of characters are systematically tried until the correct password is found. One way to reduce the risk of a brute-force attack is to limit the number of attempts to enter a password. For example, allowing only three failed attempts and then allowing additional attempts after 15 minutes can help to avoid this to some extent.

Business continuity plan

This is a detailed plan for any organization on how to operate in an emergency situation (a major cyber attack). This plan provides a means of avoiding disaster and outlines a strategy and action plan for how to continue business as usual in the event of any major cyber incident.

Business disruption

This term refers to any disruption to the normal functioning of a system process or event. Cyberattacks disrupt business operations and increase the risk of loss to an organization.

BYOC (Bring Your Own Computer)

This is a new trend in enterprise computing, in which employees are encouraged or permitted to bring and use personal laptop computers for their work.

BYOC (Bring Your Own Device)

This is an organization policy that allows, encourages, or requires its employees to use their personal devices, such as smartphones, tablet PCs, and laptops, for official business purposes and to access the organization's systems and data.

BYOL (Bring Your Own Laptop)

This is a specific type of BYOC, in which employees are encouraged or permitted to bring and use personal laptops for their work, including access to the organization's systems and data.

Byte

In most computer systems, a byte is a unit of data, usually made up of 8 bits. A byte can represent a single character, such as a letter, digit, or punctuation mark.

Cache

This is a place to temporarily store something. Web pages you browse are stored on your hard disk in the browser's cache directory. When you return to a recently browsed page, the browser can retrieve it from the cache rather than from the original server, saving time and reducing the amount of traffic on the network. Cache memory and disk cache are two common types of caches.

CAPTCHA

A CAPTCHA is a test that websites use to verify that the user is a real human and not a bot. It can include simple mathematical calculations, questions about pictures, which are difficult for a bot to answer.

Clickjacking

Clickjacking is a type of trickery in which a user thinks they are clicking on one item on a web page and then clicks on another item. The attacker loads a transparent page over the legitimate content, making the victim think they are clicking on something legitimate. When in fact, they are clicking on the attacker's invisible page This allows the attacker to hijack the victim's clicks for their own purposes. Clickjacking can be used to install malware, gain access to the victim's online account, or turn on the victim's webcam.

Clientless

Clientless refers to a program that runs entirely over the network and does not require any software to be installed on the device running it.

Cloud

A cloud is a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet. It stores, manages, and processes data instead of on local servers or personal computers.

Code injection

Code injection is commonly used by malware to evade antivirus and anti-malware programs. It involves injecting malicious code into a legitimate process. In this way, the legitimate process acts as a disguise for the malicious code. This causes anti-malware tools to only see the legitimate process running, and the execution of the malicious code is hidden.

Coding

Coding is used to write computer programs or software. Skilled coders can write sophisticated programs using ‘scripts’ to facilitate unauthorized access to networks or data.

Communications

This includes speech, music, sound, visual images or any other type of data related to a telecommunications operator, telecommunications service or telecommunications system.

Communications data

This is the ‘who’, ‘when’ and ‘where’ of the communication but not the ‘what’ (i.e. content). For example, Internet Connection Records (ICRs) can tell authorities which websites and applications a user has visited. But it does not tell which pages of those websites were viewed or what information was exchanged with the apps.

Computer network

A computer network where many different computers are connected. It can range in size from a small local area network (such as computers connected at a workplace) to a network of billions of computers, the Internet.

Cuts (Commercial Off-The-Shelf)

These are pre-built solutions that are somewhat customized to the needs of the purchasing organization; however, they are not specifically custom-made solutions.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

This is the most powerful chip in a computer. It is the ‘brain’ inside the computer, performing all the mathematical, logical, and control functions.

Critical Infrastructure

Critical infrastructure refers to the basic systems that are critical to the survival of an organization, where any threat to such basic systems threatens the entire organization.

Cryptojacking

In cryptojacking, hackers use the computing power of a hacked device to generate or ‘mine’ cryptocurrency without the owner’s knowledge. Mining can be done by installing malicious programs on the target computer or by various types of file-less malware. Sometimes attackers take over a computer's processing power by opening a page with a special mining script. Cryptojacking has also been found to occur when viewing online advertisements or solving captchas.

CSP (Communications Service Provider)

A CSP is a company that provides a special communication service. For example, Vodafone, BT, Apple, Google or WhatsApp.

Cyberworld

Cyberworld refers to the virtual world created by computers, the Internet, digital devices and technology. In this world, people connect with each other, exchange information, use services and conduct various activities. Activities such as social networking, email, online banking, gaming are part of this cyberworld. It is not physically visible. But it is a digital environment that can be experienced through technology.

Cyberattack

A cyberattack is any deliberate attempt to steal, leak, change, disable or destroy data, applications or other assets through unauthorized access to a network, computer system or digital device.

Cyberbullying/trolling (Cyberbullying/Trolling)

This is bullying that occurs using electronic technology. Such technology can include text messages, apps, chat, email and other means of communication. Cyberbullying can include harassment, threatening behavior, sending false information about someone, cyberstalking and extremely offensive messages.

Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying is the act of threatening and harassing a victim, mainly using messaging and social media platforms. Cyberbullying has grown as an issue that affects young people in particular. This is because it allows bullies to escalate their aggressive behavior by mocking the victim on a large scale and to carry out harmful activities in a way that is difficult for parents and teachers to detect.

Cybercrime

Cybercrime is any criminal activity involving a computer, network device or network. Most cybercrimes are committed to make a profit for the cybercriminal. However, some cybercrimes are also committed to damage or disable a computer or device.

Cybercriminal

A cybercriminal is a person who commits a crime using a computer as a tool, as a target, or both.

Cyberdefense

Cyberdefense refers to the ability to prevent a computer system or device from being infected by a cyberattack. It involves taking proactive steps to anticipate hostile cyber actions and counter intrusions. Therefore, the common goal of cyberdefense strategies and tactics is to Cyber ​​is the act of preventing, disrupting, and responding to cyber threats.

Cyberinteraction

Interaction in or through a computer network.

Cyberjargon

Jargon related to computers, the Internet, or cyberspace, often used by 'techies'.

Cyberjunkie

A person addicted to computers or the Internet.

Cyberjustice

Cyberjustice is the incorporation of technology into the justice system, which is carried out through the use of electronics within the judicial system. This is done by offering court services electronically and for other dispute resolution purposes.

Cybernation

Cybernation is the automated control of a process or operation (such as in manufacturing) by means of computers.

Cybernaut

A cybernaut is a person who uses the Internet to explore and communicate. It is becoming increasingly rare to find someone who is not a cybernaut these days.

Cybernetic

Cybernetic is an Internet and data communications network service provider.

Cybernetics

The science of communication and control theory, which is particularly concerned with the comparative study of automatic control systems (such as the nervous system and brain and mechanical-electrical communication systems).

Cyber-savvy

Cyber-savvy refers to the ability to use the Internet and other information and communication technologies safely. A cyber-savvy person has the knowledge and skills to protect their privacy and personal information online, to avoid online scams and fraud, and to use the Internet in a responsible and ethical manner.

Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity refers to processes designed to protect computers, networks, and data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification, or destruction. It includes a variety of measures, including technical controls, policies, and procedures, to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information.

Cybersex

Cybersex is a form of sexual activity that occurs on the Internet. It usually involves two or more people engaging in sexual conversations or exchanging sexually explicit images or videos.

Cyberspace

Cyberspace refers to the virtual world of computers and the Internet where people can communicate, share information, and interact with each other. It is a global network of interconnected computers and other devices that allows users to access and exchange information and services.

Cybersquatting

Cybersquatting is the act of registering, selling, or using domain names with the malicious intent of profiting from the goodwill of someone else's trademark. The cybersquatter then offers to sell the domain name to the person or company that owns the trademark at an inflated price.

Cyberterrorism

Cyberterrorism is the use of the Internet and other information and communication technologies to carry out terrorist attacks. These attacks can be directed at computer systems, networks, or the information stored on them, and they can have devastating effects on individuals, organizations, and entire countries.

Data

Data is digital content, which can be stored on physical devices or in the cloud. Criminals can misuse this information by accessing personal or sensitive information.

Database

A structured collection of data, such as a customer database of addresses. Data that can be easily accessed, managed, and updated.

DoS-A distributed denial of service

A denial of service (DoS) or distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack occurs when a website or online service is subjected to excessive traffic from one or more computers. This excessive traffic overloads the website or service and makes it unable to fulfill the requests of real users. This can cause the website or service to be down for a period of time.

Decryption

Decryption is the process of converting encrypted data into its original, readable form. It is the opposite of encryption and is necessary to protect the confidentiality of information.

Deleted file

A person can delete a file to destroy evidence. However, it depends on how the file is deleted. In most cases, forensic experts can recover all or part of the deleted files.

Detection and Response

Network security, user and device security, and application security; all of these are important parts of a strong and comprehensive security strategy. Similarly, the ability to detect and respond helps organizations to recognize security threats in a timely manner and deal with them effectively.

Digital Forensics

Digital forensics is the process of collecting, preserving, analyzing, and presenting digital evidence in a court of law. It is an important tool for the investigation and prosecution of a variety of crimes, from computer-related crimes to traditional crimes that leave a digital footprint.

Digital Sociology

Digital sociology is the study of how digital technologies are shaping society and how society is shaped by them. It is a relatively new and rapidly growing field of sociology, concerned with the social, cultural, political, and economic impacts of digital technologies.

Digital Transformation

Digital transformation is the process of using digital technology to create new or existing business processes, culture, and customer experiences to meet changing business and market needs. This reshaping of business in the digital age The digital transformation is the key.

Digital World

The digital world is the vast and ever-growing collection of information and resources available online. It includes everything from websites and social networks to online games and virtual worlds.

DLP-Data Loss Prevention

Data Loss Prevention (DLP) is a set of tools and processes used to ensure that sensitive data is not lost, misused, or accessed by unauthorized users. DLP software and appliances monitor and control endpoint activity, filter data streams across corporate networks, and monitor data in the cloud. So that data can be protected at rest, at speed, and in use.

Domain Name System

A domain name system is a hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or private networks. It associates various pieces of information with domain names assigned to each participating organization.

Denial of Service

A denial-of-service (DoS) attack is a type of cyberattack in which an attacker sends a large amount of traffic to a machine or network resource connected to the Internet, causing it to become unusable for real users, either temporarily or indefinitely.

Drive-by download

A drive-by download attack is a common way for cybercriminals to infect computers with malware. They work by tricking users into visiting a malicious website. It then automatically downloads and installs malware on their computers without their knowledge or consent.